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Method

Methods and data sources

Every data study on this site is computed from public data by a script, so the numbers on the page come straight from the data. Desk studies compare published figures and link each one to its source. This page lists the sources, the definitions and the limits.

Data sources and licences

SourceWhat it coversLicence
Day-ahead prices, Hungarian bidding zone (HU)
Fraunhofer ISE Energy-Charts API, from Bundesnetzagentur | SMARD.de		Single day-ahead coupling (SDAC) prices for Hungary, EUR/MWh: hourly until 30 September 2025, quarter-hourly from 1 October 2025.
https://api.energy-charts.info/price?bzn=HU&start=…&end=…		CC BY 4.0, as stated in the API response
Actual generation per production type, load and cross-border trade, Hungary
Fraunhofer ISE Energy-Charts API, from the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform		15-minute generation by source (solar, wind onshore, nuclear, gas and others), total load and net cross-border trade, in MW.
https://api.energy-charts.info/public_power?country=hu&start=…&end=…		ENTSO-E Transparency Platform terms of use, with attribution
Installed net capacity by source, Hungary
Fraunhofer ISE Energy-Charts API		Yearly installed capacity per production type, in GW.
https://api.energy-charts.info/installed_power?country=hu&time_step=yearly&installation_decommission=false		As stated by Energy-Charts per series
ENTSO-E Transparency Platform
European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity		The original source of the generation, load and cross-border series, reported for Hungary by MAVIR.ENTSO-E Transparency Platform terms of use
PVGIS photovoltaic geographical information system
European Commission Joint Research Centre		Modelled PV yield and in-plane irradiation for any European location.© European Union; PVGIS outputs reusable with acknowledgement

How a study is built

  1. 01

    Download

    Prices and generation for Hungary are fetched from the Energy-Charts API in quarterly chunks and cached unchanged.

  2. 02

    Compute

    One script turns the cached data into every number, chart and table a data study shows, and writes the derived CSV datasets. Writers quote those outputs; they don't calculate figures by hand.

  3. 03

    Write

    The text is written from the computed outputs and cited sources: answer first, definitions stated, limits stated.

  4. 04

    Check

    Figures in the text are checked against the script outputs, and every outside fact links to its source.

  5. 05

    Publish and maintain

    Each page shows its published and updated dates. When the data is refreshed, the study says so.

Definitions used across studies

Day-ahead price
Day-ahead priceThe clearing price of the single day-ahead coupling (SDAC) auction for the Hungarian bidding zone, in EUR/MWh. Hourly until 30 September 2025, quarter-hourly from 1 October 2025.
Negative price
Negative priceA price strictly below zero. Zero is counted separately where it matters.
Public solar generation
Public solar generationThe solar series Hungary reports to the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. It covers utility-scale plants well and much rooftop and household PV poorly, so it is lower than total solar output.
Residual load
Residual loadLoad minus public solar and wind generation: the demand the rest of the system has to meet.
Net import
Net importScheduled commercial exchanges summed over all borders. Positive is an import, negative an export. Physical flows can differ hour by hour.
Time
TimeAll grouping by hour, day or month uses Budapest local time (CET in winter, CEST in summer). Timestamps mark the start of each interval.

Known limitations

  • Public data is revised after publication. Studies state the download date; a rerun may move numbers slightly.
  • The public solar series undercounts rooftop PV, and output used on site lowers measured load instead. Shares of solar in load are therefore minimums.
  • Generation data records output after curtailment, so it cannot show how much solar or wind was available when plants switched off.
  • Day-ahead prices are one market. Intraday, balancing and contract prices are not covered unless a study says so.
  • Correlation is reported as correlation. Where a study suggests a cause, it says so and gives the reason.

Datasets

Derived datasets: CC BY 4.0. Upstream data keeps its own licence, listed above.

Questions about the methods

Can I reuse the data and charts?

Yes. The derived datasets are published under CC BY 4.0. Credit atillabijenjalili.com and the upstream source named on the study, for example "Source: atillabijenjalili.com, from ENTSO-E and SMARD.de data via Energy-Charts".

Why is a number here different from another publication?

Usually because of a definition: hours versus quarter-hours, below zero versus zero or below, public solar versus total solar, scheduled trade versus physical flows. Each study states its definitions; if a difference remains, please report it.

Is any of this based on SolServices data?

No. Every study uses public data only. SolServices facts that appear in explainers are public and attributed to the company.

How do I report an error?

Email contact@bijenjalili.com with the page and the issue. Confirmed errors are corrected and the page's updated date changes.